Bronchial asthma
Definition:
Asthma
is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, associated with airway
hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing,
breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing, particularly at night and in
early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but
variable airflow obstruction within the lung that is often reversible, either
spontaneously or with treatment.
Classification
of Bronchial asthma:
- 1.
Extrinsic asthma
- 2.
Intrinsic asthma.
Which
is responsible for asthma?
1.
IgE( Immunoglobuline E)
It is type-I hypersensitivity reaction
Precipitating factors of bronchial asthma:
1. Allergen exposure, e.g. House dust mite, household pets.
2. Indoor pollution.
3. Exposure to pets in early life.
4. Childhood infections, e.g. respiratory syncytial virus.
5. Dietary deficiency of anti-oxidant.
Symptoms
of Bronchial asthma:
Typical symptoms are recurrent episodes of-
1. Breathlessness.
2. Chest tightness.
3. Wheezing
4. Cough( may be dominant feature in ‘cough-variant asthma’).
Complication
of asthma:-
Asthma can cause a number of complications, including:
- Lung damage: Poorly controlled asthma can lead to a decline in lung function.
- Infections: People with asthma are more likely to
develop pneumonia and other lung infections.
- Lifestyle
issues: Poorly
controlled asthma can lead to fatigue, poor sleep, and physical
inactivity. It can also cause people to miss work or school, or fall
behind in schoolwork.
- Mental
health: Asthma can lead
to stress, anxiety, depression, or other mood disorders.
- Oral
health: Asthma can
cause oral ulcers, bad breath, and changes in taste.
- Gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD): Asthma
flare-ups can increase the risk of GERD.
·
Hospitalization: Severe asthma attacks may require
emergency treatment or hospitalization. In some cases, untreated asthma
can lead to respiratory failure or death.
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