Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever

Definition:

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body affecting many organs. Without prompt treatment, it can cause serious complications and can be fatal. It's caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning.

Symptoms:

• prolonged high fever
• fatigue
• headache
• nausea
• abdominal pain 
• and constipation 
• diarrhoea 
• Some patients may have a rash.

Causes:

Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. Persons with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract. 

Stages:

Understand 4 Stages of Typhoid Fever:

Stage 1: The Prodromal Stage

Onset and Early Symptoms

• Mild fever
• General malaise
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Gastrointestinal discomfort

Clinical Presentation

Patients may also experience a lack of appetite, constipation, or diarrhea. Increase complication for misdiagnosis, delaying appropriate treatment.

Stage 2: The Acute Stage

Intensification of Symptoms

• Severe headache
• Continuous high fever
• Abdominal pain
• Rose spots (a characteristic rash)
• Enlarged spleen and liver

Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Mental Alterations

Gastrointestinal symptoms intensify during this stage. While some patients may experience diarrhea, others might suffer from severe constipation. Mental status changes, such as confusion and delirium, can also occur.

Stage 3: The Toxic Stage

Peak of Severity

• Sustained high fever
• Severe abdominal distension
• Profound weakness
• Severe diarrhea or constipation
• Toxic appearance

Stage 4: The Convalescent Stage

1. Gradual Improvement
2. Residual Symptoms

Categories: Typhoid fever